Building a Stone Patio - 3 Keys to a Quality Installation

Fundamentals

Are you planning to build a stone patio? Whether you hire a contractor or do it yourself, there are three keys to a quality stone patio installation. Proper site preparation is the foundation for success, and quality stonework is in the details. Good drainage can be the difference between an inviting outdoor living space and one that is potentially hazardous in colder climates.

Here's what to look for specifically in quality construction:

Site Preparation

• the underlying soil compacted or undisturbed
• 2" of gravel for good drainage
• a concrete slab 3 1/2" to 4" thick with fiberglass additive for extra strength
• 1/2" rebar tied in a 12" to 18" square grid with steel wire forming a cage

The cage is suspended within the concrete slab rather than sitting on the bottom. Compared to the cost of the entire project, this additional reinforcement is inexpensive insurance against a cracked slab and damaged stonework.

Stonework

• elongated flagstones set perpendicular to the edge
• mortar joints smooth, flat and consistent in size
• flagstones evenly distributed in size and color
• step risers between 7 1/2" to 8" in height
• step edges built from thicker flagstones

Step edges that are thicker and heavier are less likely to come loose and will withstand foot traffic better. (Flagstone refers to any flat stone, generally 1" to 3" thick, used for patios and other flatwork.)

Drainage Requirements

Drainage requirements are site-specific and depend on the surrounding grade and existing structures. Some patios are a simple flat plane, sloping in one direction only. Most require more complicated slopes in several directions.

Take care to choose individual stones that contribute to good drainage by examining them for twists and curves. Drainage patterns may require setting stones that twist incrementally in the needed direction.

Proper slope can call for as much as 1/4" per foot but can sometimes be achieved with as little as 1/8" to 1/10" per foot. A flatter patio is better as long as it drains completely and away from structures.

Enjoyable Outdoor Living

Keep these fundamentals in mind when choosing a stone contractor or to avoid costly mistakes if you're doing it yourself. In the end, your stone patio should not only be beautiful but livable. It should be easy to move furniture around on, free from puddling and safety hazards and an investment that lasts a lifetime.

Of course, doing your "homework" always pays. Choose an experienced stonemason with good references, a solid reputation and one who offers a guarantee. Most important, be sure your contractor is willing to take the time to get the drainage right. It takes a little longer, but it's key to building a quality stone patio.

About the Author: Joe Valles lives in Raleigh, NC and is a master stonemason with over 25 years of experience. His business, European Stone Masonry, installs stone patios and custom stonework, focusing on fine craftsmanship. Visit his website for photos of his distinctive work.

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